Radiotelephony aviation pilots CAP 413 should be read in conjunction with current CAP 413 SIs. It helps pilots and air traffic controllers operate the plane and maintain safe and expeditious flight. Festschrift for Márta Font’s 70th birthday. Box 46294, Nairobi Correct radiotelephony (RTF) is essential for the safe operation of aircraft in a busy air traffic environment. Make sure you understand the radio requirem Jun 27, 2024 · However, a radiotelephony license is required in other countries to operate radios. This Revision from March 2022 incorporates radiotelephony phraseologies for the provision of aerodrome flight information service, as introduced by EASA ED Decision 2021/014/R. Further Reading. to GTO (Golf Tango Oscar ) after the controller abbreviates it. They are used primarily for safety and navigation purposes, so that pilots, ATS, and ground personnel can communicate with each other, using clear concise standardised phraseology. (A) Flight Simulator Training Guide to Converting Your CPL Blogs Gallery Results Contact Us Home X Radio Telephony Restricted (Aeronautical) The Radio Feb 6, 2024 · A radio was created so as to transfer information from one place to another through a given media in the coded form at times. Mandatory for pilots to operate aircraft radios in controlled airspace; Ensures clear, effective communication with air traffic control for enhanced aviation safety; Enables compliance with international radio protocols and standards The Private Pilot License (PPL) allows you to be Pilot in Command of an aircraft for any non-commercial purpose. To explain the application of radiotelephony to aviation safety; To list aviation alphabets and phonetics and demonstrate the use of aviation phraseology in various circumstances ; To participate and show satisfactory ability to communicate with pilots and other radio stations ; To explain peculiarities of off-shore aviation radiotelephony This interactive guide incorporates a range of material published by ICAO, EUROCONTROL and the UK Civil Aviation Authority. Whatever your current experience level, G-UDRT has the depth and breadth of content to ensure you can communicate with confidence and pass the FRTOL exam. If either party goes off script, there is a greater chance of misunderstanding and a need for clarification. Nov 30, 2023 · To conform to International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Language Proficiency requirements, pilots and individuals engaging in radiotelephony communications must attain a specified level of proficiency in Aviation English. To improve the language norms and terminology standard in civil aviation communications, a series of diction and pronunciation standards or proposals have been formulated by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). To complete your course booking, please fill out the form below with your personal and preferred date. Further modules can be purchased. To ensure your radio calls are always correct, read our top tips: Review the airspace. These reference numbers will be used on knowledge deficiency reports and will provide valuable feedback to the examination candidate. All learning materials are copyright of Aviation English Asia Ltd. 2 Flight Radiotelephony Each subject has been given a subject number and each topic within that subject a topic number. We offer both Restricted and General Radio licences. The remaining photographs are reproduced by permission of Jan Fridrich, also of EGAST. Mar 14, 2022 · The European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) has published a new revision of the Easy Access Rules (EAR) for Standardised European Rules of the Air (SERA). Organize and expedite the safe and orderly flow of traffic, utilizing the airspace as effectively as possible. Instead, each letter of the alphabet is assigned a code word to represent the letter. Abstract: The use of non-standard radiotelephony communication phraseology is a major Improve your radiotelephony phraseology skills with our carefully sequenced Aviation English course. Dec 1, 2009 · On the other hand, variance in pronunciation is an important factor leading to misunderstandings between pilots and ATCOs over radiotelephony communication, and it is one of the six language The aim of this course is to enable pilots acquire the necessary knowledge, skill and attitude so that they will correctly and effectively use standardized phraseology while communicating with air traffic controllers and other ground personnel to ensure safe, efficient and orderly flow of air traffic in accordance with ICAO standards and recommended practices. Private or Commercial Pilots who fly outside of the United States, or who wish to operate an HF Radio need to obtain a Restricted Radiotelephone Operator Permit from the Federal Communications The next generation in aviation radiotelephony training. From 1 January 2022, it is possible to take a language test at the same time as the practical radiotelephony examination. This leaflet provides guidance on RTF for General Aviation (GA) pilots flying under Visual Flight Rules (VFR). ” A Free module is available immediately from the website for all pilots to try out and provide feedback. Give it a try, and check your notes for the areas you get wrong. Nov 22, 2024 · Air Traffic Control (ATC) and its dedicated radio telephony communication are critical components of safe and efficient air traffic. In two pilot studies conducted in Eastern Australia, we investigated the ability of GA pilots, bothnative and non-native Master Aviation Radio Comms In Minutes A Day The Aviation Radio Simulator (ARSim), is a software tool that allows pilots to interact with air traffic control (ATC) and enables them to learn, practice, and master aviation phraseology and radiotelephony. e. Anyone can study to receive a Flight Radio Telephony Operators (FRTOL) Licence. Answers are not provided, but below each question is a reference of where in “The Pilot’s Radio Handbook” the answer can be found. Start your journey to certification today! Our Radio Telephony course is designed to teach student pilots to communicate effectively in English for air traffic duties in a domestic aviation environment. Supplementary Instructions (SIs) to CAP 413 are issued ahead of amendments. 7), asking about the informants' 1) assessment of pilots' overall professionalism in terms of navigation and communication, 2) assessment of controllers' overall professionalism in terms of the instructions and communication, 3) impressions of pilots' and controllers' language Description. Throughout the years, investigations of many accidents and incidents have found that lack of radiotelephony knowledge and discipline by pilots and controllers has been a major causal factor. The examination is in two parts. Or, if you're already an experienced pilot, use Wilco Radio to brush up your radio skills, become more confident, and become a pro our Flight Radiotelephony Course (FRTOL) will prepare you to achieve the highest standard of radio communications, it covers both the theoretical knowledge and practical exams and prepares you to operate the aircraft radio in a confident and professional manner This course is specifically for student pilots wishing to prepare for their RT Practical Examination with an RT Examiner. Sep 1, 2023 · Pilots and aviation experts have voiced their apprehensions, primarily centered around the knowledge and professionalism of radio communication among pilots. It can also include a practice written FRTOL exam, CAA written examination, practice practical exam, CAA practical examination and ICAO English Language Assessment or any combination of the above required depending on your background and experience. The pilots identify themselves using their unique call signs. (CAT) pilots and other pilots flying IFR within controlled airspace with a quick reference guide to commonly used radiotelephony (RTF) phrases that may be encountered during a routine CAT flight in European Airspace. This document provides pilots with a guide in English to common Jan 8, 2010 · The priorities for safe flying are ‘Aviate, Navigate, then Communicate’. Purchase from your Flight School Readability 5 supports flight schools in partnership with Pooleys. After the COVID-19 pandemic, the aviation industry faced a shortage of air traffic controllers (ATCos) and pilots, highlighting a significant problem: managing resources for training new ATCos and pilots. Whilst this is always true, correct standard radiotelephony phraseology makes an important contribution to the safe and efficient operation of aircraft. Pilot Pronunciation. They're provided before their effective date to help pilots to study the correct syllabus, if their examination sitting date occurs immediately following an effective Radiotelephony 101 is an 10 hour foundation course to help candidates become familiar and proficient with radio communication. Apr 20, 2024 · DGCA CPL Subject for Pilot: Aviation Meteorology: The First DGCA CPL Subject we recommend you tackle is Aviation Meteorology as it is easy to Understand and Rewarding to Learn as you will be using this knowledge in your Flying Training. It includes some key material from CAP 413: requirements, pilots and others who use radiotelephony communications must have achieved a specified level of proficiency in English. It has been produced in cooperation with the European General Aviation Safety Team. Aug 6, 2020 · The aim of the United Kingdom Radiotelephony Manual (CAP 413) is to provide pilots, Air Traffic Services personnel and other ground personnel, both civil and military, with a compendium of clear, concise, standardised phraseology and associated guidance, for radiotelephony (RTF) communication in United Kingdom airspace. In: Ruscia – Hungaria – Europa. . Radiotelephony procedure (also on-air protocol and voice procedure) includes various techniques used to clarify, simplify and standardize spoken communications over two-way radios, in use by the armed forces, in civil aviation, police and fire dispatching systems, citizens' band radio (CB), and amateur radio. FMS Aviation Academy is a leading flight training institution in Ahmedabad, India, dedicated to providing top-notch ground school training for aspiring pilots. Document 4444 - PANS ATM; Doc 9432 - Manual of Radiotelephony About RTR(A) Navigate the skies with confidence and precision through our specialized Radio Telephony Restricted (RTR) course. There is a multiple choice written paper which should be completed, and passed, prior to taking the practical exam which is conducted using our computer-based RANT training Sep 4, 2015 · (g) Airline Transport Pilot Licence (Helicopter)–(ATPL (H)); (h) Multi-Pilot Licence–(MPL) Any pilot that is mapped to this Part of the Regulations will be required to register themselves with the SACAA in order to write the SACAA Restricted Radio Online Examination at any approved Aviation Training Organisation (ATO). These courses will address lack of familiarity with radiotelephony and aviation-related Dec 22, 2020 · Over the summer months, more people are in the skies enjoying the great weather and sharing the airwaves with a variety of traffic – large, small, fast and slow. phonetic alphabet (objective) is to standardize the way in which letters and number are enunciated in order to reduce misunderstanding between aviation personnel and expedite the safe and orderly flow of aircraft. 105 Radio and telephone procedures lists the above order of precedence for these documents to be used in determining standard phraseology when communicating with pilots. You can also contact a minimum of regular course studies during your flying practice for the Indian RTR (A) test, and students don’t have to stop flying Since 2007, we have helped 1500+ aspiring Pilots to achieve their dream and are working as successful Airline Pilots in major airline companies across the globe. Communication errors and inappropriate use of phraseology continue to feature as contributory factors in aviation incidents and accidents in Europe. With 38 learning sessions and 20 practise flights split over 7 modules, we have the content you need to fully master the subject. ICAO. Access expert-guided training and real-world scenarios tailored for pilots and air traffic controllers. Designed for aspiring pilots and aviation enthusiasts, this program equips you with the essential skills to communicate effectively over radio frequencies, ensuring safe and efficient air traffic management. Private Pilot - A Pilot that holds a license which allows them to fly an aircraft for personal, or recreation purposes, but not for commercial gain. com Mumbai Download Brochure One-on-One Guidance Home About Us Our Courses Commercial Pilot License Airline Transport Pilot License (ATPL) Type Rating AirBus 320 Boeing 737 Airline Preparation R. An aircraft transceiver is a radio (hand-held or built-in) that gives pilots two-way communication with Air Traffic Services (ATS). This course contains a carefully sequenced selection of training materials, giving progressive, systematic practice in radiotelephony phraseology for pilots. The goal is to ensure that both controller and pilot give the same meaning to what has been said. Requirements. Once submitted, our team will reach out to you to confirm your booking and provide further instructions. +91 9664737737 info@captainaviationacademy. Oct 1, 2023 · It is imperative to comprehend the nature of aviation English utilised in radiotelephony communication between pilots and air traffic controllers. Nov 1, 2018 · FAA certificated pilots operating VHF radios and flying within the United States do not require any aircraft radio licensing or operator’s permit. In India, and many other countries around the world, a Radio Telephony Restricted (RTR) (A) license is a mandatory requirement for the issue of a pilot’s license. These are easy to memorize, and you will use these terms frequently as a pilot. T. The Multi Crew Coordination Course is most ideal for aspiring pilots looking for world class pilot training experience seeking quality training and successful career as a professional pilot. This means reading up on the standard terminology used in the CAA's Radiotelephony Manual (CAP 413) as well as getting practice with how to properly communicate via radio. To become proficient with aviation radiotelephony phraseology, pilots must become familiar with the standard phrases and terms that are used in this type of communication. Below are some questions that are designed to help you prepare yourself for the DCA R/T exams. Become a safer, more confident pilot. Without RT, the skies would be chaotic and dangerous, with pilots unable to communicate important information to air traffic controllers or fellow pilots. Jun 8, 2023 · School of Foreign Languages, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Nanchang Street, Guanghan, China * Corresponding author . Jul 13, 2023 · This AC has been merged with AC91-9, Radiotelephony Manual, which can be found here: AC91-9-AC172-1 - Radiotelephony Manual Radiotelephony for General Aviation Pilots. The International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet or simply the Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet, commonly known as the NATO phonetic alphabet, is the most widely used set of clear-code words for communicating the letters of the Roman alphabet. Pilot ATC Select this icon to listen to an audio of the RTF Audio Enquiries regarding the content of this publication should be addressed to: Air Traffic Standards Department Safety Regulation Group Civil Aviation Authority Aviation House Gatwick Airport South West Sussex RH6 0YR The latest version of this document is available in electronic format This is even more challenging for non-native speakers of English (EL2) who are required to master not only a second language but ‘Aviation English’ to communicate with both Air Traffic Control (ATC) and other pilots. provides the means by which pilots and ground crew communicate with each other. 0 now live. With airspace infringements rising, now is the perfect time to learn aviation radiotelephony skills that will make you a safer, and more confident pilot. May 5, 2023 · Aviation phraseology and terminology are standardized for a reason. Without regular competency assessments, there is a risk that pilots may not be adequately prepared to handle complex radio communications during flights. Enhance operational fluency in ROUTINE phraseology for IFR flights through progressive practice. It facilitates the transmission of important information and instructions, and is the foundation on which FRTOL qualifications and ROCC qualifications are based. The single, most important thought in pilot‐controller communications is understanding. O. The Flight Radiotelephony Operator's Licence (FRTOL) authorises you to operate an Aircraft Radio Station in a UK registered aircraft. This study identified the technical vocabulary in a corpus of ICAO standard phraseology to create the Tower Aviation Radiotelephony Technical Vocabulary List Enhance your aviation communication skills with CaptainPilot's free ICAO English proficiency test online. It is "the eyes and the ears" of every pilot. We offer courses for Commercial Pilot License (CPL), Airline Transport Pilot License (ATPL), Airline Preparation and Radio Telephony Restricted (RTR), both online and offline. Keywords: Radiotelephony communication, ICAO standards, standard phraseology, aviation safety, miscommunication . The minimum age is 14 years old. ICAO Regional Director, Eastern and Southern African Office, United Nations Accommodation, P. This licence can accompany any grade of pilot licence (NPPL, EASA LAPL, PPL etc) and allows the pilot to operate an aircraft radio station. This is also the first step towards getting your Commercial Pilot License and later an airline job. Beside the pilots,as it will be an integral part of a flight dispatcher,we at FAA are giving the guidance for clearing the RTR (A) examinations. Jun 24, 2022 · The pilot usually transmits his call sign at the end of the message, as the air traffic controller may handle many aircraft at the same time. Even if you've already obtained your RT licence, Wilco Radio is the perfect way to brush up your skills with our Interactive Trainer. Alternatively, you can see our whole range of RT courses here. Pilots never pronounce letters when they are transmitting to Air Traffic Control, and vice-versa. In many ways, learning radiotelephony is like learning a new language (even if it is, technically, English). 7 Actually, with the rapid development of the civil aviation transportation industry, the work pressure of controllers and pilots is increasing, and human errors are more likely to occur, which will further cause pilots Appendix II—Private Pilot Licence Written Examination Syllabus Subject No. Jul 14, 2023 · The Certificate of Proficiency - Radio Telephony Restricted (COP-RTR) is a mandatory license for students enrolled in the Commercial Pilot License Training Course in India. Balloon pilots, glider pilots and on-board technicians do not have to provide proof of language proficiency. In addition, you will practice the radiotelephony phraseology in English during your first training flights for the private pilot licence. For your first solo flights, you must have mastered this phraseology and must also have passed your radiotelephony exam. Test your Radio Telephony (RT) Skills by attempting this Mock Examination, comprising of 300 "choose the correct answer" styled questions, which has been designed to assist you in assessing your understanding of Aeronautical communication on If you are ab initio, or have from 0-250 flying hours we will probably recommend the ICAO Aviation English for Cadet Entry Pilots course, and optionally Radiotelephony 101 if you need to become more familiar with radiotelephony / standard phraseology. Pilots are required to demonstrate sufficient language proficiency in order to obtain radiotelephony qualifications. The radiotelephony operator’s license RTR (Aeronautical) is a mandatory requirement for the use of communication equipments in an aircraft. Prevent collisions between the aircraft whose pilots chose to participate in the ATC service. You will be expected to have already completed the navigation aspect of your flight training (and should be ready to undertake or will have already undertaken your qualifying cross-country flight) in order to benefit most from this preparation course. GBSTO (Golf Bravo Sierra Tango Oscar etc. I feel that we have gone a long way to achieving this with Readability 5. Radiotelephony is an essential part of Aviation English. Our general English and radiotelephony courses are designed to prepare pilots for the new generation of discussion based English Language Proficiency assessments (FCL. Stand-alone licences (those that are not attached to a flying licence) last for period of 10 years before revalidation is required. This paper explores using a text-to-speech application (TTS Aug 19, 2024 · An easy read for all aspirant pilots, whether they fly light sport aircraft or gliders for fun, prepare for a career in aviation, or operate drones. The course offers a time bound and assured pathway to establishing oneself as an airline pilot. English Proficiency: Learn and practise your Pilot / PPL Radiotelephony with G-UDRT. If you are a beginner in aviation, you can learn basic radiotelephony with our free course. The license is held in conjunction with other Flight Crew licenses General eligibility requirements. The FRTOL is a national licence that can be issued as a stand-alone licence, but is normally held in conjunction with another Flight Crew licence. Discussion herein provides basic procedures for new pilots and also highlights safe operating concepts for all pilots. By replacing letters with distinct words like ‘Alpha’ for ‘A’ and ‘Bravo’ for ‘B,’ it ensures clear communication between pilots and air traffic c We are building engaging interactive learning experiences for radiotelephony that pilots can use at any time to practice, refresh and enjoy. Jul 13, 2023 · Civil Aviation Rules Part 172 Air Traffic Service Organisations – Certification, rule 172. Jun 27, 2023 · Radiotelephony is a critical aspect of aviation that ensures safe and efficient communication between pilots and other members of the aviation community. Dec 12, 2018 · Radiotelephony communication in civil aviation air traffic control is a kind of professional semi-artificial language, 2 which is built up based on natural languages. Radiotelephony 101 is an 10 hour foundation course to help candidates become familiar and proficient with radio communication. FAA WINGS credit approved Comms trainer to the United States Air Force Aviation Planet Instructors guide pilot aspirants for Radio Telephony Restricted (Aeronautical) to clear the RTR examination in the shortest possible time by providing quality RTR(A) Classes. When flying “solo” as part of your training, or as a private pilot when you have gained your licence, you will use the aircraft callsign i. Status: Current Review comment: - Version: 6 Nov 9, 2024 · Master the Phonetic Alphabet for Aviation: Essential Guide for Pilots The phonetic alphabet for aviation is a standardized set of words designed to prevent miscommunication. Wilco Radio is the perfect way to study and prepare yourself for the FRTOL (Flight Radiotelephony Operator's Licence) exam. Aviation Enthusiasts At Various Stages: The Radio Telephony Course at We One Aviation is open to individuals at various stages of their aviation journeys. 055). NEW Brand new V2. GA pilots originate from diverse backgrounds, and some may encounter challenges in acquiring or retaining proficiency VFR/IFR aviation English and radiotelephony. Unlock the skies with RTR (A) – Your essential aviation radio communication certification. We provide hours of original content developed by Helena Hughes, an experienced air traffic controller. In many ICAO member states, pilots must demonstrate proper aviation terminology and techniques, sit for a written exam, and then take a practical exam for VFR and IFR radio communication procedures. David Pratt: 00:23. My name is David Pratt from the communications team, and I'm joined by two members of two Local Airspace Infringement Teams. The link can be a strong bond between pilot and controller or it can be broken with surprising speed and disastrous results. 23. The Flight Radio Telephony Operator's License (FRTOL) authorizes you to operate an Aircraft Radio Station in a Kenyan registered aircraft. Read the articles and then try the exercises. However, many student and qualified pilots find the subject challenging to master. Pilot Examiner Standardisations Further information about all the above standardisation course can be found in the respective PEL Notices and links below: Examiner Standardisation - PEL Notice 49, PEL Notice 66, PEL Notice 68, PEL Notice 81, PEL Notice 88; Flight Examiner Manual published by EASA: Jul 1, 2021 · The interview questions were adapted from Kim and Elder (2009, p. Open the Communication guide. I t is the definitive South African reference work on aeronautical radio procedures and an essential textbook for passing the exams for both the Restricted and the General Aeronautical Radiotelephony Operator’s Certificates. Whether you are a beginner with a passion for aviation or an experienced professional looking to enhance your communication skills, the course caters to diverse backgrounds. An ATC shall begin his message with the concerned pilot call sign to be sure that the right pilot carefully listens in the clearances given. Our radiotelephony instructor will prepare you diligently and perfectly for your exam. Aviation radiotelephony language is a complex mixture of phraseologies and plain language, so language teachers should plan their own professional development to understand the actual language used, the technical contexts of communication and the communication concerns of their learners, namely pilots and controllers. This form of English is divided into two categories: ICAO standardized phraseology and plain language. An applicant for a flight radio telephony operator license shall; AIRSPEAK RADIOTELEPHONY COMMUNICATION FOR PILOTS. All students are required to successfully clear the Radio Telephone Restricted to Aeromobile (RTR-A) Examination administered by the Wireless Planning Wing (WPC), Ministry of Communications, New Delhi. This study identified the technical vocabulary in a corpus of ICAO standard phraseology to create the Tower Aviation Radiotelephony Technical Vocabulary List May 22, 2023 · Welcome to the general aviation podcast from the UK Civil Aviation Authority. An ATC shall begin his message with the concerned pilot call sign to be sure that the right pilot carefully listens in the clearances given Japan Civil Aviation Promotion Foundation, 15-12, 1-chome, Toranomon, Minato-Ku, Tokyo Telephone: +81 3 3503-2686; Facsimile: +81 3 3503-2689 Kenya. Jan 1, 2023 · International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) standard phraseology is an integral element of radiotelephony communication between air traffic controllers, and pilots or vehicle drivers. GA pilots come from different backgrounds, and some have difficulty learning or remembering how to use RTF efficiently. As a student pilot, you will need to have some practical training in the use and practice of radiotelephony techniques since you will, after all, be speaking on the radio as a pilot! This one-to-one course is specifically for student pilots wishing to learn all about RT. The photographs on pages 35 and 40 are reproduced with the permission of David Cockburn, a member of the European General Aviation Safety Team (EGAST). The RT course can include instruction on radiotelephony terminology used and real life examples to allow you to become fluent over the radiowaves!. The AT’s and AR’s are divided into specific aviation sections, each covering different aviation aspects for example, Part 12 – Incidents and accidents Part 61 – Pilot licencing Part 62 – Recreational flying Part 67 – Aviation medicals Master pilot radiotelephony with fully vocalised learning sessions and dynamically simulated practise flights. Aviation Pilots’ and are reproduced here by kind permission of the UK Civil Aviation Authority. Aug 19, 2024 · An easy read for all aspirant pilots, whether they fly light sport aircraft or gliders for fun, prepare for a career in aviation, or operate drones. They are the aviation air law in South-Africa and override all other aviation publications. Radiotelephony is a telephone that uses radio transmissions. Welcome to this CAA General Aviation podcast special. R. It also explains some of the rationale behind the use of certain words and phrases to aid The pilot usually transmits his call sign at the end of the message, as the air traffic controller may handle many aircraft at the same time. Pilots often speak in shorthand, or with abbreviations. Thank you for choosing Cranfield Aviation for your aviation training needs. ) You may only abbreviate your callsign ie. Sep 23, 2023 · The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has deemed English to be the official language of aviation across the globe. But good communication—called radiotelephony in aviation—is an essential aspect of flying safety, and for many, it’s the most daunting, especially for students and low-time pilots. Flying a Plane involves being constantly exposed to the vast sky and the forces of nature. Dec 1, 2022 · The common problems mentioned above usually result in read-back errors in civil aviation radiotelephony communications. Apr 22, 2021 · The UK Civil Aviation Authority demands high standards of RT in today’s busy and changing aviation environment. The RTR (A) exam aims Mar 15, 2023 · The findings suggest that although they feel confident using aviation English in radiotelephony, most agree that it is imperative to have language training to improve aviation communication safety This edition is an updated version of the Radiotelephony Manual (CAP 413) containing updates for Radiotelephony and Aerodrome Phraseology. Lingaero can provide additional classroom or online training as well as the means to take this assessment. Related rules Feb 7, 2019 · The download below is a pdf file with 260 questions typical of the CAA written examination for the Aeronautical Radio Telephony Certificates. Radiotelephony or ‘RT’ is the method of communication used by Pilots and Ground Personnel. vumaecv mrjg rxiwi jmfmsa lndfyj bph iagh crgaom kqrv nfestoc